Python CSV转JSON教程：表格导出为接口格式

把CSV表格转成JSON数组或指定结构，用csv模块或pandas to_json，支持指定根key、中文不转义，附完整代码。

场景痛点

前端要调接口拿数据，但手里只有一份CSV；或者要把CSV喂给只吃JSON的程序。手动一行行抄成JSON不可能，几万行点到崩溃。用Python把CSV读出来直接dump成JSON数组，还能套上对方要的外层结构。

用到的库

pip install pandas

完整代码

# Python CSV转JSON
import csv
import json
import pandas as pd

def csv_to_json_list(csv_path, json_path):
"""
用标准库csv读，转成list[dict]，根是数组。
每行变成 {"列名": 值, ...}。
"""
rows = []
with open(csv_path, "r", newline="", encoding="utf-8-sig") as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
for row in reader:
rows.append(row)

with open(json_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
json.dump(rows, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
print(f"标准库转换：{json_path}，{len(rows)} 条")

def csv_to_json_with_wrap(csv_path, json_path, wrap_key="data"):
"""
套外层包装：{"code":0, "msg":"ok", "data": [...]}
模拟接口返回格式。
"""
df = pd.read_csv(csv_path, encoding="utf-8-sig")
payload = {
"code": 0,
"msg": "success",
"total": len(df),
wrap_key: df.to_dict(orient="records"),
}
with open(json_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
json.dump(payload, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
print(f"包装转换：{json_path}，{len(df)} 条")

def csv_to_json_lines(csv_path, jsonl_path):
"""
转成JSON Lines格式（每行一个JSON对象），
适合流式处理、大文件传输。
"""
df = pd.read_csv(csv_path, encoding="utf-8-sig")
with open(jsonl_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
for record in df.to_dict(orient="records"):
f.write(json.dumps(record, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n")
print(f"JSONL转换：{jsonl_path}，{len(df)} 行")

def main():
csv_file = "data.csv"
csv_to_json_list(csv_file, "output_list.json")
csv_to_json_with_wrap(csv_file, "output_wrap.json", wrap_key="data")
csv_to_json_lines(csv_file, "output.jsonl")

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()