Python JSON转CSV教程：list[dict]一键导出表格

把Python JSON数据转成CSV表格，用csv模块或pandas to_csv两种方式，自动对齐所有字段为列，支持嵌套字段打平，附完整代码。

场景痛点

接口返回的是JSON数组，产品说"给我个Excel看看"；爬虫爬下来一堆JSON，老板要CSV做透视表。JSON是嵌套结构，CSV是平表格，手动把每个字段抠出来填到Excel里，几十条还行，几千条就废了。用Python自动把所有key展开成列。

用到的库

pip install pandas

完整代码

# Python JSON转CSV
import csv
import json
import pandas as pd

def json_to_csv_with_pandas(json_path, csv_path):
"""
pandas一行搞定：读JSON -> 转DataFrame -> 写CSV。
自动把所有dict的key并集作为列。
"""
with open(json_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = json.load(f)

# 如果根是{"data": [...]}这种包装，取data
if isinstance(data, dict) and "data" in data:
data = data["data"]

df = pd.DataFrame(data)
# 把list/dict类型的字段转成字符串，否则CSV写不进去
for col in df.columns:
if df[col].apply(lambda x: isinstance(x, (list, dict))).any():
df[col] = df[col].apply(lambda x: json.dumps(x, ensure_ascii=False))

df.to_csv(csv_path, index=False, encoding="utf-8-sig")
print(f"pandas转换完成：{csv_path}，{len(df)} 行，{df.shape[1]} 列")

def json_to_csv_with_csv_module(json_path, csv_path):
"""
标准库csv方式，不依赖pandas。
自动收集所有记录的key作为表头。
"""
with open(json_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = json.load(f)

if isinstance(data, dict) and "data" in data:
data = data["data"]

# 收集所有出现过的key，保持顺序
all_keys = []
seen = set()
for item in data:
if isinstance(item, dict):
for k in item.keys():
if k not in seen:
seen.add(k)
all_keys.append(k)

with open(csv_path, "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8-sig") as f:
writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=all_keys, extrasaction="ignore")
writer.writeheader()
for item in data:
# list/dict字段转JSON字符串
row = {}
for k, v in item.items():
if isinstance(v, (list, dict)):
row[k] = json.dumps(v, ensure_ascii=False)
else:
row[k] = v
writer.writerow(row)
print(f"csv模块转换完成：{csv_path}，{len(data)} 行，{len(all_keys)} 列")

def main():
json_file = "data.json"
json_to_csv_with_pandas(json_file, "output_pandas.csv")
json_to_csv_with_csv_module(json_file, "output_stdlib.csv")

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()